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Sudden breathlessness after a long flight: suspected pulmonary embolism

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Educational simulation. Not for real patient care and not a substitute for supervised training. Always follow local protocols.

What you will practise

  • Recognise the risk factors and presentations of pulmonary embolism and keep it in the differential of acute dyspnoea and pleuritic chest pain.
  • Apply a structured clinical probability assessment and explain when D-dimer is and is not useful.
  • Prioritise early anticoagulation when clinical probability is high while imaging is awaited.
  • Choose appropriate imaging and risk-stratify using haemodynamics, right ventricular function and biomarkers.
  • Recognise obstructive shock from high-risk pulmonary embolism and explain the role of systemic reperfusion.
  • Plan secondary prevention, including management of provoking factors and duration of anticoagulation.
  • A patient has hypoxaemia that barely improves after breathing 100% oxygen. Which mechanism best explains this?
  • What is the mechanism of action of warfarin, and which agent reverses its effect over hours?
  • Which component of the combined oral contraceptive is mainly responsible for the increased risk of venous thromboembolism, and through what effect?
  • Seven days after starting heparin, a patient's platelet count falls by more than half and a new deep vein thrombosis develops. What is the most appropriate management?
  • What is the most common source of pulmonary thromboemboli?

Practice questions

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Flashcards